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About this Book
Acknowledgement of Country
Authors and Reviewers
Accessibility
Versioning History
Introduction
1.1 Atoms
1.2 Electronic Structure and Periodic Properties of Elements
1.3 Chemical Bonds and Molecules
1.4 Chemical Reactions
1.4.1 Chemical Reactions: Write and Balance a Chemical Equation
1.4.2 Classifying Chemical Reactions
1.4.3 The Mole
1.4.4. Molarity
1.4.5 Reaction Stoichiometry
1.4.6 Reaction Energy and Heat
1.4.7 Reaction Rate
1.5 Chemical Equilibria
1.6 Acid Base Equilibria
1.6.1 Acids and Bases
1.6.2 pH
1.6.3 Hydrolysis of Salts
1.6.4 Buffers
2.1 Concepts of Biology
2.2 How Cells Are Studied
2.3 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
2.4 Eukaryotic Cells
2.5 The Cell Membrane
2.6 Passive Transport
2.7 Active Transport
3.1 What is Organic Chemistry?
3.2 Naming and Classifying Organic Formulas
3.3 Hydrocarbons: Introduction
3.3.1 Hydrocarbons: Names and Structures
3.3.2 Properties of Hydrocarbons and Hydrocarbon Polymers
3.3.3 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
3.4 Organic Molecules with Heteroatoms: Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers and Amines
3.4.1 Organic Molecules with Heteroatoms: Influence of Hydrogen-bonding and Amine Protonation on Properties
3.5 The Carbonyl Group
3.5.1 The Carbonyl Group: Aldehydes and Ketones
3.5.2 The Carbonyl Group: Carboxylic Acids
3.5.3 The Carbonyl Group: Esters, Amides and the Peptide Bond
3.6 Introduction to Chirality
3.6.1 Stereochemical Designations in Names and Structures
3.6.2 Chirality in Chemical, Environmental and Biological Systems
3.7 Organic Reactions
3.7.1 Combustion Reactions
3.7.2 Addition Reactions
3.7.3 Reactions at the Carbonyl Carbon
4.1 Biomolecules
4.2 Carbohydrates
4.3 Proteins
4.4 Lipids
4.5 Nucleic Acids
4.6 The Structure of DNA
4.7 DNA Replication
4.8 Transcription
4.9 Translation
5.1 The Genome
5.2 The Cell Cycle
5.3 Meiosis
5.4 Errors in Meiosis
5.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division
5.6 Genetics and Mendel’s Experiments
5.7 Laws of Inheritance
5.8 Pedigree Analysis
6.1 Energy and Metabolism
6.2 Glycolysis
6.3 Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
6.4 Connections to Other Metabolic Pathways
6.5 Fermentation
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