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Colour theory: understanding and working with colour
Acknowledgement of Country
About this book
Versioning history
Introduction: what is colour?
Antiquity (c. 500 BCE to 300 CE)
Middle Ages and Renaissance (c. 400 to 1600 CE)
The Enlightenment (c. 1650 to 1800)
Modern era (c. 1850 to 1980)
Contemporary Colour Systems (c. 1930 – 2020+)
Test yourself: history of colour theories
References and resources: history of colour theories
Colour psychology and physiology
Colour symbolism in different cultures
Colour and language
Test yourself: cultural interpretations of colour
References and resources: cultural interpretations of colour
Colour aesthetics in art and design
Colour grading in photography and film
Colour trends and palettes
Test yourself: colour aesthetics
Light: electromagnetic radiation
Optics 1: lenses and ocular devices
Test yourself: electromagnetic spectrum, lenses and ocular devices
Optics 2: electronic technologies and spectral analysis
Why are things different colours?
Test yourself: electronic technologies, spectral analysis and different colours
Spectrophotometry and colorimetry
Metamerism - colour perception and matching
Test yourself: is it illuminant or observer metameric failure?
Luminescence
Test yourself: what type of luminescence is this?
Colour chemistry 1: animals that can change colour
Colour chemistry 2: photography and chromatography
Colour chemistry 3: universal indicator and diagnostic tests
Colour chemistry 4: fireworks
Test yourself: colour chemistry
Anatomy of the human eye
How the brain interprets colour information
Colour blindness
Vision difference: tetrachromacy and synesthesia
Accessible colour
How animals see colour
Test yourself: the eye – how we see colour
Additive and subtractive colour systems
Additive and subtractive colours on the colour wheel
How additive and subtractive colour works when printing a digital image
Practical activities: mixing additive and subtractive colours
Test yourself: is it additive colour or subtractive colour?
Colour gamuts and colour spaces
How digital screens display colour
What is Hexadecimal colour?
Other RGB colour models
How do digital images and videos display colour?
Test yourself: colour systems – digital
Do I need to convert an RGB image to CMYK to print it?
Process (CMYK) and Spot (Pantone) colour printing
Colour management - what can go wrong?
Test yourself: colour systems – printing
Colour pigments: history and usage
Mixing paint pigments
Colour dyes: a (very) short history of dyes from around the world
Colour dyes: methods and processes
Test yourself: is this a feature of pigments or dyes?
Colour dyes: synthetic colours and sustainability
Special colours, controversial colours and interesting facts
Problematic colours
Interactive colour wheel and colour relationships
Properties of colours
Test yourself: colour wheels and relationships
Colour properties: tints, shades and tones - learning activity
Colour properties: light to dark - learning activity
Colour properties: monochrome (greyscale) - learning activity
Colour relationships: bias colour scale - learning activity
Colour charts - Pantone and Munsell systems
Glossary
List of Figures, Videos, and Tables
Acknowledgements
Download links
Scientific and theoretical investigations into colour go back thousands of years. Some of the earliest recorded theories of colour come from the ancient Greek civilisation. You will find these in the writings of philosophers such as Democritus, Plato and Aristotle.
Other notable theories of colour developed through the centuries in the work of significant scholars, scientists and artists such as: al-Kindi; Leonardo da Vinci; Robert Fludd; Isaac Newton; Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; and many more.
This chapter will introduce colour theory history with a summary of selected key scientific developments. Also included are short introductions to cultural interpretations of colour and colour aesthetics.
Each section of this chapter will cover the following topics:
1.1 History of colour theories
Note: this chapter does not contain a complete listing of all scholars, scientists and artists that have contributed to scientific and artistic fields related to colour theory, rather, it is a condensed timeline with selected notable mentions. See subject guides and references for more information on these topics.
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Colour Theory: Understanding and Working with Colour Copyright © 2023 by RMIT University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.