45 8.6 Heteroatoms and Functional Groups

Practice questions

1. Identify which functional groups are present in the following structures.
   1. 1. 1. A structure of a two-carbon chain with a [latex]\ce{SH}[/latex] group attached to the second carbon: [latex]\ce{CH_{3}CH_{2}SH}[/latex].
         2. An eight-carbon chain with single carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds and a carbon-oxygen double bond at the last carbon.
         3. A three-carbon chain with a carbon double bond between the first and the second carbon.
         4. Benzene ring with a [latex]\ce{COOH}[/latex] group attached to one of the carbons.
         5. Hexane ring with a hydroxyl group attached to one of the carbons.
2. Select the structure of a secondary alcohol.
   1. 1. 1. A three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group is attached to the first carbon, and the second carbon has a methyl group attached.
         2. A three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group and two methyl groups attached to the first carbon.
         3. A three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group and a methyl group attached to the first carbon.
3. What are the functional groups present in this structure? If there are any alcohols present, identify those as primary, secondary or tertiary. The structure description: a six-carbon straight chain with a double bonded oxygen and [latex]\ce{OCH_{3}}[/latex] group attached to the first carbon. The fifth carbon has a methyl group and a hydroxyl attached.
4. What are the functional groups present in this structure? Select all the possible answers. The structure description: a hexagon with five carbons and one oxygen with one [latex]\ce{NH_{2}}[/latex] group attached to the fourth position on the hexagon and [latex]\ce{CH_{2}=CH_{2}}[/latex] group attached to the third position of the hexagon.
   1. 1. 1. An amine
         2. An ether
         3. An alkene
         4. An Imine
5. Identify the following amines as primary, secondary or tertiary amines:
   1. 1. 1. One carbon with three hydrogens attached and one [latex]\ce{NH_{2}}[/latex] attached.
         2. One carbon with three hydrogens attached and one substituted nitrogen attached. Nitrogen is substituted with one hydrogen and one  [latex]\ce{C_{3}H_{7}}[/latex].
         3. One carbon with three hydrogens attached and one substituted nitrogen attached. Nitrogen is substituted with two methyl groups.
6. Which name describes a substance that contains the alcohol functional group?
   1. 1. 1. Cyclopentadiene
         2. 3-chlorooctanol
         3. 2-bromopentane
         4. Dimethylamine
7. Which name describes a substance that contains the element nitrogen?
   1. 1. 1. 3-chlorooctanol
         2. Cyclopentadiene
         3. 2-bromopentane
         4. Dimethylamine
8. Which name describes a substance that is considered “unsaturated” (e.g. has a double or triple bond)?
   1. 1. 1. Cyclopentadiene
         2. Dimethylamine
         3. 3-chlorooctanol
         4. 2-bromopentane
9. Which of these substances contain halogens?
   1. 1. 1.  3-chlorooctanol
         2. Cyclopentadiene
         3. Dimethylamine
         4. 2-bromopentane
10. Which statement below is true?
    1. 1. 1. A given compound/molecule can contain one and only one functional group.
          2. Compounds/molecules can and often do contain more than one functional group.

Answers

1. 1. 1. thiol
      2. aldehyde
      3. alkene
      4. carboxylic acid
      5. alcohol
2. c
3. Ester and tertiary alcohol
4. a, b, c
5. 1. 1. primary amine
      2. secondary amine
      3. tertiary amine
6. b
7. d
8. a
9. a, d
10. b